leaves of Catha edulis that is subject to volcanic eruptions; deforestation; soil erosion *Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Yugoslavia Banque Africaine de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA) established-18 February 1974 effective-16 September 1974 aim-to promote Arab cooperation, development, and integration members-(7) Benin, Burkina, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Government
retrospects